History of the World in 10 1/2 Chapters Review Essay Example

History of the World in 10 1/2 Chapters Review Paper Paper on History of the World in 10 1/2 Chapters researchers those too solid country. Sit and read all the books, which have on the planet. Also, love to contend about them. A portion of these debates, she admired the sky a millennia ago. It appears that the discussion about the books to assist their individuals with preserving energy. Awfully exhausting book from which it is difficult to split away. Heres an oddity in itself speaks to a complex work, directly from the field of post-innovation, the book by Julian Barness History of the World in 10 and a half sections Sex - . Not play (in whatever esteem nor presented to us own situation); sex is straightforwardly identified with in all actuality as you grasp the obscurity, characterizes your vision history of the universes all basic in the first place, it's anything but a novel in 10 parts. Be that as it may, not an assortment of 10 short stories. Every section can be perused as a solitary, high-grade item, yet that every one of them is a no-no, however has zatsepochku to integrate all the narratives. Also, in certainty 10 sections of the History of the World an expressive game where two natives were characterized: water and, in reality, world history. Julian Barnes scored in his gathering, obviously, each of the 900 calls attention to of a hundred potential We will compose a custom article test on History of the World in 10 1/2 Chapters Review explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on History of the World in 10 1/2 Chapters Review explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on History of the World in 10 1/2 Chapters Review explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer A man in examination with creatures - . Being prematurely ended We positively don't deny your most intelligent, your significant potential, however youre still.. are at a beginning time of advancement, we, for instance, consistently remain themselves:.. that is being created we are what we are, and we know who we are youre not going to hang tight for the feline, so she woofed, or pigs. that she groaned, yet this is, allegorically, we have figured out how to anticipate from envision? Lei your caring What you woofing, at that point whimpers; you need to be wild, and afterward manual The conduct of November could just say a certain something: no one can tell how it will act opens book madly clever, ernicheski, mocking section Stowaway, which informs us concerning the occasions of Creation v2.0. Those. about the historical backdrop of the Great Flood. About what was Noah, why not make an ark of something besides gopher wood, some have stowaways on a boat, and what was the flavor of the Unicorn He was a major man, the Noah. the size of a gorilla, in spite of the fact that there the similarity closes Captain armada - . the center of the excursion he has made himself Admirals was as yet ungainly and nechistoploten he didn't have the foggiest idea how to develop their own hair, aside from around the face - . everything else he needed to cover the skins of different creatures Place. it close to a male gorilla, and you will promptly observe which of the n x all the more exceptionally sorted out that is elegant, better than the other force and invested with sense, not permitting him to totally obovshivet on the ark, we continually battled with the puzzle of why God picked his protã ©gã © man beating a commendable up-and-comers turned out in an unexpected way, creatures of different species would be directed.. significantly better in the event that he decided on the gorilla, the indications of defiance would be not exactly a couple of times, - . so that maybe would not have emer ged needs and in the Flood Song , the last part. how it would sensibly finishes the story, depicting Din neighborhood, private apocalypse account of an inactive life in Paradise Every one of the parts, as I said over, somehow associated with the water, in the entirety of its indications: from the material wet, to emblematically vaporous.. Here the ocean and catch the luxury ship on which a pop student of history, TV have, more likely than not read his most strange talk is to clarify the prisoners verifiable rationale of their demises. Here and a journey to the highest point of Mount Ararat looking for the Ark (2 pcs. [Not the ark, and the pilgrimage]). Furthermore, drugs post-apokliptika fragile little vessel on the high oceans. Here repeating phantasmagoric excursion of two Jesuit priests: first disaster, at that point sham films. Here and in many Barnes endeavors to comprehend what is there, Julian Barnes. All in all, all that is acceptable and gradually. Where Amanda sees the perfect sense, balanced request and the triumph of equity, her dad saw just tumult, capriciousness and mocking. Be that as it may, according to both were the equivalent . the world of the considerable number of parts I would feature, particularly I loved the first at any rate, in light of sound chuckling. Part adapted medieval record (similarly as dull as The Island of the Day Before Eco, however the volume is littler and in this way more delight from styling). A part on how a space explorer on the Moon heard the voice of God: Find the ark and went to search for him. Furthermore, the astonishing two-phase section of the wrecked travelers of the frigate Medusa and, appropriately, the canvas by Gericault Raft Medusa The initial segment - . Stunning, agonizing narrative of the accident, being on the pontoon and salvage (all worked out so distinctively that nearly on yourself feel insufferable thirst, the singing sun, destructive skin ocean water), the second nearly monographic portrayal of the historical backdrop of painting by Gericault and the destiny of his works its actually magnificently composed book, which once in a while get myself. that schi taesh page as far as possible of the section, however then you don't see, I read the book from spread to cover. 10 ocean and not all that accounts, 10 themes to live the historical backdrop of the world, 10 energizing excursions. And afterward the individuals They have faith in the fantasy of Bartley created legend of Jonah. Since the substance is this: the legend doesn't allude us to some genuine occasions, fabulous broke it in the aggregate memory of humanity; no, he sends us forward to what is yet to occur, to whats going to occur. Legend turns into a reality, notwithstanding the entirety of our suspicion Peruse the book by Julian Barnes:.

Human Resource Management at Work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 2

Human Resource Management at Work - Essay Example uum however the key here is that this region needs to work under a more extensive structure that joins it to the procedure of the firm; outside variables are seen as influencing it separated from the inward factors. The HRM considers all the individual and gathering related that is aggregate relations, various human asset practices, arrangements and procedure, exercises sought after by the HR authority, union’s job, building up some HR rehearses that will give the association an edge, representative security or it can even take a shot at fusing some hierarchical change. These are a portion of the elements that can be worked upon and in this manner are planned in a way to expand the presentation of an association by viable HR the board. Essentially as the case infers that Brendon Jones Inc. is a help giving organization, and consequently the workers are the key resources of the association. The 200 representatives found in working at 10 recreation outlets were working at the forefront. They were fundamentally answerable for acquiring the business. Managing the clients and keeping up the relationship was the best and most significant factor for the association like Brendon Jones. Taking a gander at the today’s working condition Human Resource Management is significantly more significant than any time in recent memory. The elements of overseeing and creating individuals are seen basic to pick up enhancements in the presentation of an association. The equivalent was the situation in Brendon Jones; there were changes occurring, the organization was purchased by a corporate speculation organization. It resembled an adjustment in the possession structure. Representatives working with the first author were some way or another used to of the approaches and methods. In any case, as its being referenced for the situation that there was no HR supervisor; it’s not the assignment of Finance and Administration executive to deal with issues that are identified with human workforce. Consequently as to unravel the moves identified with diminishing the work turnover and to keeping up

Insider Report What Its Really Like Working in Human Resources

Insider Report What It’s Really Like Working in Human Resources Human resource department â€" perhaps the one department in the workplace you don’t want to hear from since it might be bad news.But what is it like working in human resources?Is all you do really just about firing people and finding replacements?In this report, I’ll outline the different roles available in the sector and the misconceptions popular culture has on human resources before examining the qualifications and characteristics you need to work in the industry, as well as the core realities of what life is really like for a human resource specialist.WIDE SPECTRUM OF AVAILABLE ROLESWorking in human resources can be quite different to what you might think in your mind.First, though, it’s important to realize the industry is not offering you just a single role with similar types of responsibilities no matter what company you work for.Indeed, the human resources sector can offer a wide range of roles that all come with rather different requirements and responsibilities.Of cou rse, like with most industries, you have variety in terms of executive and junior roles, not to mention how companies in different industries might require unique expertise and knowledge from its human resources department.Interestingly to some other industries, human resources can also offer roles that require specialist skills in other sectors.For example, certain roles might require you to have a good grasp of sales or even marketing. Therefore, the opportunities to create a career in human resources come wide and varied.Of course, there are plenty of roles calling for specialization in human resources and management, so it’s not all related to other departments or sectors.In terms of the available roles in human resources, you could work with job titles such as:HR AssistantHR OfficerTraining OfficerHR DirectorAlthough there are a variety of different roles available, your job essentially involves dealing with the personnel in your company.This can touch upon topics such as hir ing new employees to developing current employees. Human resource roles are also often involved with drafting contracts, looking after health and safety in the company, and creating strategic personnel strategies to boost the business.Naturally, since the roles are so closely linked with the company you work for, the specific responsibilities depend largely on the organization and its requirements.THE ‘HIRE’ AND ‘FIRE’ IMAGE OF HUMAN RESOURCESWhat about public perception and the misconceptions people have about working in human resources?The most common problem is the generalization of the industry into something rather black and white. Human resources is often considered as the ‘hire and fire department’.To many, human resource roles are just about finding the right candidates for roles, conducting job interviews and laying off staff when the company tells them to do so.While this is part of the role for many human resource roles, it certainly isn’t as straightforward as that.As I outlined above, the sector is often in charge of things like employment law and the strategic interests of the business and its employees and therefore, it’s wrong to view it through a narrow lens of responsibilities.There’s also another side to the public perception of the department. It can sometimes be considered as the ‘mother’ of the workplace. If you have a problem, you run into the arms of the human resources department and complain about your issues.The problem with the perception is how people then imagine the department is either ‘good’ or ‘bad’ â€" they either make decisions to benefit the company or the employee.However, in reality, human resources has to find a more balanced approach to employment and personnel problems.Now, if you’d like to get a glimpse of how the popular culture portrays the human resources sector and working in it, there are quite a few good movies to watch.Some of the funniest and the most interesting portrayals of h uman resources jobs come from movies like:Inside Out â€" The story of different emotions and how they get along inside your brain. Doesn’t feature human resources per se, but almost feels like what the HR management team has to deal with every time there’s a problem in the company!The Human Resources Manager â€" A well-made drama about an HR manager who travels to take back a deceased former employee to his home country.Office Space â€" A hilarious take on what might happen when the HR department wouldn’t have qualified workers to keep a check on things.The above films are worth watching, especially after you start working in the industry.Movies can be an eye-opening way to see what other people think of the industry and perhaps helpful in finding the little lines of truth about the sector in the sea of generalization and misconception!WHAT DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO WORK IN THE INDUSTRY?So, now you’re on top of the misconceptions and the different roles that might await you i n the sector. But how do you find yourself working in human resources?The qualificationsThe most common route to a career in human resources is by obtaining the right kind of qualifications. Human resource, development and management specific courses are the easiest and most straightforward way of getting into the industry.These routes give you a good grasp of the industry and help you understand the terminology, methods and strategies used in a variety of HR roles. Example degrees in HR include things like:Human Resource ManagementHuman Resources Information Systems AnalystsThe degree options offer opportunities for both a Bachelor’s Degree and a Master’s Degree. Furthermore, you can also obtain certifications that help find roles in the industry.In some instances, these might even be necessary for certain roles. The certifications can vary from country to country.In the UK, a course from the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (CIPD) can be a good route to take.As ide from getting a degree in HR specific courses, it is possible to get into the industry with a different academic background.Other common degrees that can help you find a job in the industry include:Business degreesAdministrative degreesLaw degrees, especially if you specialized in employment lawIndeed, transferring from a different sector is not at all uncommon in the industry.A 2009 survey of HR professionals showed that over one-third of respondents came to HR from an administrative background.So, opportunities are there even if you don’t have HR specific qualifications.The characteristicsAside from obtaining qualifications, you also need to have specific skills and characteristics in order to fit in the industry.If you can develop these four key characteristics, you might well be a good fit for working in human resources:People-oriented mindsetIt’s rather obvious you can’t make it in HR if you don’t like other people.The role is largely about balancing the strategic in terest of the business with the personnel and therefore, you need to be able to know how to align competing interests.If you don’t care about the wellbeing of others, you probably don’t have the right type of empathy to work in the sector.Good communication skillsSince you are dealing with other people on a regular basis, the roles also require you to have great communication skills.You need to be able to listen to other people, explain complex procedures to them and do all of this with compassion.You do not always deal with happy things (“You got a job!”), but sometimes you might have to make tough decisions (“I’m sorry but we have to let you go.”).Therefore, you need to be able to get your point across effectively yet empathetically.There can also be quite a bit of reading between the lines in the role.People don’t always tell you exactly what they think (perhaps in fear of reprisal), so you need to be able to understand what people want and need from the subtle cl ues and behaviors.Organizational abilitiesWorking in human resources will also require you to have great organizational abilities.The job is not straightforward and no matter what your official title, you’ll need to be in charge of different things.You might need to know about the payroll, the contracts, the training programs and so on â€" keeping everything running smoothly will require a good attention to detail and the ability to organize and prioritize tasks.Your days don’t tend to follow the same routine â€" one day you might be doing rounds around the company, while others you are talking to clients- and you must be able to schedule and sort out your responsibilities accordingly.Development focused outlookFinally, you must be willing to develop your skills.The industry is constantly changing and it requires many skills â€" you need to be IT proficient as well as grasp the latest legal changes in employment law.It’s crucial to have a curious attitude and the willingness t o develop your skills further. You shouldn’t enter human resources thinking you know everything.Not to mention you might be in charge of developing the strategy for the organization, as well as calling for the employees to train further.So, if you’re not able to know how development happens, why it’s important and the benefits of self-development, you probably won’t thrive in the industry.FIVE CORE REALITIES OF WORKING IN HUMAN RESOURCESHuman resources can be a challenging industry and working in the sector is likely to produce plenty of experiences â€" preparing yourself for what it’ll be like is not easy as no day is alike and different roles can seem different.However, there are five core realities working in human resources is likely to introduce you to. If you approach the industry with these realities in mind, you are likely to have rewarding and realistic career expectations.To get you started, here’s a video of a typical day for a Human Resource Director: Fast-ch anging schedulesHuman resources roles will require a lot of work and the days can be rather long. However, the work is not your typical nine-to-five in terms of the tasks you need to do.The workdays can be widely different from each other â€" one way you are strategizing a development and training scheme, the other looking for cost-cutting measures across the departments.Heather Clark, director of Human Resources at the Huntzinger Management Group, described the average workday to After College by saying, “It may come as a surprise, but, there is no typical day! Every day is different and every day means a new challenge in my world. Whatever “checklist” I thought I was going to accomplish, rest assured will need to be changed by the end of each work day.”The fast-changing work schedule means you won’t get bored at your job.However, it also means you need to be prepared to think fast and be able to quickly identify the most important tasks.You don’t have time to ponder th ings for too long in human resources â€" effectiveness is the key.Routine performanceWhile your workdays might not be alike on most days, you are required to provide routine-like performance. Expectations in the industry are high and employers don’t have time for failures in this crucial department.Your days might be different, but your list of tasks doesn’t change much: you might be in charge of the payroll, need to conduct interviews, go over contracts, organize training for new recruits and so on.These tasks can become routine-like tasks and results need to be meticulous.Furthermore, there is an administrative side to human resources and this can seem rather isolating at times.While it’s easy to think you’d be meeting up with other employees all the time, you can actually find yourself sitting in the office cubicle going through paperwork on multiple days.Business-oriented mindsetIt takes a business-oriented mindset to work in the industry.Many people overlook the need fo r human resources department to ensure the business is capable of achieving its objectives â€" what could be more important to achieving the vision than having the right personnel?You’ll be working closely with the people that can make or break the company, so you need a good understanding of business.Human resources professionals don’t just need to focus on finding a hardworking employee, they also need to know what kind of worker the industry needs right now â€" the talent and skills that can work in the current and future climate.When John Millikin, clinical professor of management and previous HR employee, was asked about his most rewarding part of the job, Millikin said it was, “having an impact on the success of the business and on the lives of the people in it”.People-focusedWhile business knowledge is an essential and somewhat surprising part of the industry, the key part of your job is about managing people.Human resources is among the most people-centric industries out there. If you can’t handle people and interact with all sorts of personalities, then you probably won’t be a good fit for the job.Your days will include plenty of phone and face-to-face conversations, meetings, performance evaluations and so on.You need to be good at analyzing and evaluating personalities and how they would fit the organization â€" it’s not a personality contest, but about finding the right talent to support the company goals.However, the people-focused nature of the job also brings its downsides. You don’t always have to deal with people in a positive environment.As the human resource professionals interviewed for the CBS News piece pointed out, the hardest part of the job is laying off staff and giving the bad news.Therefore, while you need to be able to empathize and relate to people to forge relationships, you also can’t take the role too seriously.Solid salary and career prospectsNow, what about the money?You don’t want to pick your future care er based on money alone, but you also shouldn’t be oblivious to what earning potential is ahead of you.In the human resource sector, the outlook is rather positive â€" especially in terms of job security. According to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics, the industry is expected to see job growth of 5% by 2024.The rate is around the same as the average job growth rate so it’s nothing special, but definitely on a strong footing.The salary prospect in the sector will naturally depend a little on your official job title.Furthermore, your earnings can be impacted by the geographical location â€" big firms near major business hub cities tend to pay more â€" and your expertise and experience.The organizations size can also be a factor â€" small companies don’t have the same resources as larger corporations.A good indicator of the potential comes from looking at the averages, both for professionals and the recent graduates. For example, recent graduates can expect to earn:Around $30,00 0 in the UKAround $54,000 in the USIf you enter the sector with a Master’s Degree rather than an undergraduate degree, you can push up the starting salary. In the US, Master’s Degree in Human Resources could mean you’re starting with an average salary of:Around $66,000 for HR ManagerAround $67,000 for HR Business PartnerThe earning prospects jump up quite a bit as you gain experience. The average salaries for different HR positions include:Senior Training Officer $33,000 to $39,000HR Manager $44,000 to $57,000Head of HR Department $94,000 to $125,000Directors of human resources could earn anything between £100,000 to £500,000. The earning potential is definitely there for anyone willing to push themselves to higher positions.You can find out the exact figure estimations and the sources for the above numbers here, here and here.THE BOTTOM LINE OF WORKING IN HUMAN RESOURCESHuman resources is definitely a great career path for someone who loves working in a demanding industr y and who gets along with people well.You need to be able to make strategic decisions and communicate with people from all walks of life.The industry is not quite what it is portrayed to be â€" there is plenty of balancing you must do between the business interest of the company and the wellbeing of the employees.However, it’s a rewarding job with a good earning potential and strong future job prospects. If you like to challenge yourself and push yourself further, then human resources can be a fantastic career path.

Divisions And Inequality In To Kill A Mockingbird

In the novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, one of the major themes that author Harper Lee highlights are the divisions and inequality in society. The story is set in the 1930’s in Maycomb, Alabama when class, gender, and racial discrimination were highly prevalent. In this time Jim Crow laws were in effect. Jim Crow laws mandated the segregation between black and whites. Consequences of questioning Jim Crow laws were violent and people were rejected from society and their family. The 1930’s is also the time during which the great depression was taking place. Many families were hit hard by the great depression. Maycomb was not a poorer, small, Southern, town. Also in this time, women were not given equal rights and they were expected to fulfill†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"‘But I want to play with Walter Aunty, why can’t I?’ She took off her glasses and stared at me. ‘I’ll tell you why,† she said. ‘Because-he-is-trash, thatà ¢â‚¬â„¢s why you can’t play with him,’† (301). Aunt Alexandra says Scout cannot play with Walter because he is trash. She believes Walter is trash because he is lower class than them. She is discriminating against Walter and his family due to their social class. That is another way how Lee shows that there are divisions and inequality in society. Lee shows that there are divisions and inequality in society due to social class. Gender roles are another cause of social divisions and inequality the Harper Lee teaches about. Scout defies gender roles and she is looked down upon by many of the women in her community for doing so. Scout’s Aunt Alexandra is one woman who looks down upon scout for this. â€Å"Aunt Alexandra was fanatical on the subject of my attire. I could not possibly hope to be a lady if I wore breeches; when I said I could do nothing in a dress, she said I wasn’t supposed to be doing things that required pants,† (108). Aunt Alexandra believes ladies are not permitted to be taking place in activities that require pants. She disapproves of how Scout likes to participate in activities she sees as unladylike. This shows the inequality in this society due to gender roles. Another woman who challenges Scouts appearance as a lady is her neighbor Miss Stephanie. When Aunt Alexandra has aShow MoreRelatedTo Kill A Mockingbird Political Theme Essay1097 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird,† which is based on the Harper Lee novel by the same title, the movie explores and condemns the controversial political theme, especially controversial at the time of the movie, racism. Racism is defined as Prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism directed against someone of a different race based on the belief that ones own race is superior, according to the Oxford Dictionary. Even though racism is the political focus of the movie, it also touches on class inequality, whichRead MoreInequality in To Kill a Mockingbird901 Words   |  4 Pages One of the major themes of To Kill a Mockingbird is the divisions in human society and how those cause inquality among people. Even though most people know that they shouldnt judge others, its human nature, and because of this, it causes different sections of society. Most of the characters experience this throughout the novel. In To Kill a Mockingbird, certain divisions in society cause inequality in the town of Maycomb, and the characters and the reader both learn important lessons. WhenRead MoreGreat Expectations by Charles Dickens and To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee710 Words   |  3 Pages The two novels â€Å"Great Expectations† and â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird† relate us about discrimination during two different periods in history, even though their characters have similar characteristics. 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This is evident in Harper Lee’s novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, and also in the two articles, â€Å"The Lynching of Emmett Till,† by Chris Crowe, and â€Å"Man Guilty of Murder in Texas Dragging Death, by Rick Lyman. In To Kill a Mockingbird, there are many examples of ignorance, such as Scouts ignorance, or the racist tendencies of Maycomb County residents. In the Emmett Till article, there is evi dence of ignorance in the way Till doesnt understand the southern wayRead MoreRacism And Discriminatory Events Throughout History1537 Words   |  7 PagesMohannad Alkhatib TKM Paper Millions of humans have suffered at the hands of racism and discriminatory events throughout history. The majority of these racial and discriminatory events are the basis of Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird. The novel references Jim Crow laws, mob mentality, as well as the issues of racism and discrimination in that period of time. To begin, the first topics inspired by real life events in the novel were the Jim Crow laws. Jim Crow was a set of laws that aimed to discriminateRead MoreUse Of Geography Biased Education Through Multiple Fictional Hwoc Readings1505 Words   |  7 Pageslocally and around the world, the level of education that children and teens receive is a function of their geography. We were able to see the theme of geography biased education throughout multiple fictional HWOC readings. For example, in To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee, Scout feels that her education is not equal to the level of education of those around her. She feels as if she was being cheated out of something (44), referring to her education. This is because she lives in a very small townRead MoreTo Kill a Mockingbird1764 Words   |  8 PagesHalle Vanderlinde Monday December 17th 2012 ENG3U1 – Literary/Historical Essay Assignment To Kill A Mockingbird Ms.Prasow Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird incorporates historically accurate material into an otherwise fictional story. Drawing upon current events, social conditions, and attitudes prevalent in the United States during the 1930s, the novel’s setting, charactersRead MoreSocial Inequalities And Social Class1150 Words   |  5 Pagesamongst each division. Social classes can result from varying factors such as race, gender and wealth. Due to social classes, there comes social inequalities. Social inequalities are beneficial to people only at the top of the hierarchy. For those at the bottom, social inequalities has the opposite effect. Rather than the bottom of the hierarchy benefiting, they struggle with everyday aspects such as financial issues while those at the top are prospering. Harper Lee’s novel To Kill a Mockingbird stronglyRead MoreThe Man Who Was Almost A Man Essay1977 Words   |  8 Pagesand centuries apart from each other. â€Å"The Man Wh o Was Almost a Man† by Richard Wright, â€Å"Sweat† by Zora Neale Hurston, and â€Å"To Kill A Mockingbird† by Harper Lee share similar themes, conflicts, and symbols that can be used to understand a relatively current controversial happening in the United States. â€Å"The Man Who Was Almost a Man,† â€Å"Sweat,† and â€Å"To Kill A Mockingbird† all share a theme of oppression and one’s actions to overcome their circumstance. In â€Å"The Man Who Was Almost a Man,† Dave wants

The University Of Massachusetts Lowell - 2068 Words

Background The University of Massachusetts Lowell is a part of the Umass System including 5 physical campuses and one online campus. Located on over 125 acres of land right along the Merrimack River and in the middle of historic Lowell, it currently hosts 17,000 students in five different colleges. The Manning School of Business, The College of Health Sciences, The Francis college of engineering, The College of Fine Arts Humanities and Health Sciences, The Kennedy College of Sciences and the Graduate School of Education. Umass Lowell is highly rated on Return on Investment especially for in-state students, and is known particularly for its engineering programs. Purpose The purpose of this research is to address the rebranding survey put out by Umass Lowell and to give concise and informed student feedback to answer the several questions they wished to address. The marketing committee at the University of Massachusetts Lowell, looks to rebrand every four years, or when deemed necessary, to keep up with the current goals and successes of the school. Scope Following along with what was asked by the marketing committee this research was done into answering the following questions. †¢ Name five qualities that, in your view, best define UMass Lowell. †¢ What does UMass do better or differently than other schools you are familiar with? †¢ In what areas can UMass Lowell make a legitimate claim to national or international prominence? †¢ What characteristics of UMass Lowell shouldShow MoreRelatedGeneral Psychology Course At The University Of Massachusetts Lowell850 Words   |  4 Pages Method Participants The study participants were enrolled in General Psychology courses at the University of Massachusetts Lowell. The participants were 121 men and women (90 males, 30 females, 1 declined to answer). All students were between the ages of 18 and 25. In addition, 2.5% (n=3) participants have not served on a jury while 97.5% (n=118) have not. Study participants received one research credit for their General Psychology course. All General Psychology students are required to earn 10Read MorePosterior For Ratial Analysis820 Words   |  4 Pagessaid class of problems which will have applications in real life application in engineering and science. With the scope of interdisciplinary work the project will foster collaborative research. The high performance computing facility at University of Massachusetts Lowell will support PI’s effort and the development in this field of uncertainty quantification can pave the way of research in different engineering disciplines. 2 Student Mentoring. The project will support graduate students who can contributeRead MoreThe Fireside Poets: Henry Wadsworth Longfellow and Oliver Wendel Holmes1354 Words   |  6 PagesStephen Longfellow who was a politician and a lawyer. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow was an influential American poet, translator (He was the first American poet to translate Dante Alighieris epic poem The Divine Comedy) and a professor at the Harvard University. One of Longfellows most pretentious work is Evangeline: A tale of Acadie, an epic poem which follows the Acadian girl Evangeline and her search for her love Gabriel, a poem set during the time of the Expulsion of the Acadians (The forced removalRead MoreWhat Is Fixed And Additional Basis1025 Words   |  5 Pagessaid class of problems which will have applications in real life application in engineering and science. With the scope of interdisciplinary work the project will foster collaborative research. The high performance computing facility at University of Massachusetts Lowell will support PI’s effort and the development in this field of uncertainty quantification can pave the way of research in different engineering disciplines. 2 Student Mentoring. The project will support graduate students who can contributeRead MoreCritical Analysis Of The Mead-Freeman Debate1283 Words   |  6 Pagesthat focus on the specifics of the Samoan case, I will analyze the running debate of the nature versus nurture concept in Samoan society. Annotated Bibliography Caton Hiram 1990 The Samoa Reader: Anthropologists Take Stock. Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, Inc. Caton’s work The Samoan Reader: Anthropologist Take Stock is a collection of essays that focus on the Samoa controversy. Caton gathered chief contributions, related essays, and unpublished writings that emerged after theRead MoreJames Russell Lowell2045 Words   |  9 PagesThere is Lowell, whos striving Parnassus to climb With a whole bale of isms tied together with rhyme ; He might get on alone, spite of brambles and boulders But he cant with that bundle he has on his shoulders ; Â… -Fable for Critics, Lowell James Russell Lowell was a father and a husband, but most importantly he was a man of literature. Lowells works were greatly influenced by those around him, eventsRead MoreHarvard Research Paper744 Words   |  3 Pageswill tell you that they aspire to attend a top tier university. A common name thrown around by the majority of said graduates is Harvard University, known for their unique catalogue of majors, extensive list of college club activities, and a rigorous admission process. Harvard is classified as an Ivy League school which means it is a long-established university in the US having high academic and social prestige. Located in Cambridge, Massachusetts it is home to over 22,000 students. With a 6% percentRead MoreRobert Frost : The Most Beloved Poet1637 Words   |  7 PagesA.D. Robert Frost was born to the parents of William Prescott Frost Jr. and Isabelle Moodie Frost. â€Å"Her husband’s untimely death from tuberculosis in 1885 prompted Isabelle Moodie Frost t o take her two children, Robert and Jeanie, to Lawrence Massachusetts.† (Gerber 1) When growing up around the East Coast, Robert was not interested in school work or anything afflicted with school at all. His mother, Isabelle Frost, who was a school teacher, helped both Robert and Jeanie both come to a liking ofRead MoreOptional Education.In Some Schools, You Can Show Up And1211 Words   |  5 PagesBelluck,2006) The trick with incentives is how big a thing does it have to be to be meaningful to the person and also how long the delay is between doing something and getting a reward for it,† said Harry O’ Neil, a professor in psychology at the university of Southern California. The incentives were working at Chelsea High School for a period of time. In the first quarter 107 out 1500 students had perfect attendance but in the second quarter only 73 students had perfect attendance. (Pam Belluck, 2006)Read MoreWhat Is Offline And Online Scale Computation?1241 Words   |  5 Pagessaid class of problems which will have applications in real life application in engineering and science. With the scope of interdisciplinary work the project will foster collaborative research. The high performance computing facility at University of Massachusetts Lowell will support PI’s effort and the development in this field of uncertainty quantification can pave the way of research in different engineering disciplines. 2 Student Mentoring. The project will support graduate students who can contribute

Tears of a Tiger Questions Free Essays

After the tragic accident, Andy isn’t treated well by the people not close to him at school. Some people don’t talk to him, others make rude comments. There are even some who won’t even look at him in the halls. We will write a custom essay sample on Tears of a Tiger Questions or any similar topic only for you Order Now Everyone has the right to express their own opinion; however, they should look at the situation more carefully before lugging. It was Andy fault because he should not have been drinking and driving but, it was not intentional for Rob to die. 2. After the tragedy, death takes main focus in Andy life. While all of Andy friends eventually get over the death of their reined, Andy does not move on. He continues to close up more and more and Just lets everything overwhelm him. He does go back into basketball as soon as he is allowed to. His grades also continue to slip. He feels this is the way to continue his life because all the blame is on him so it no longer matters. 3. Many things happen after the tragedy that leads to the gradual decline and loss of control in Andy life. Andy has agreed to continue his sessions at a therapist’s office. These are to help him open up and get him back to normal as much as possible to move on from the accident. However, after a while he fools the therapist and his parent’s and teachers into believing that he is finally moving on from the accident. He doesn’t hang out with his friends much anymore, and when he does he doesn’t talk much about anything. After his break up with Geisha, he moves on past her and doesn’t feel the need to talk to her anymore. His family and friends cannot help Andy, because he closes up with his friends and makes his parent’s think he is getting better and does not say anything to them. 4. Andy final decision is seen as a coward’s way out because instead of leaning with the accident and living through it and getting past it, he decides to take his life so he does not have to live with it any longer. It affects many people in his life. A) His parent’s now have to deal with the loss of a kid and worry about how it will affect their other son. His parent’s get a divorce and live in separate houses and his mother cries all the time. B) His brother Monty now has to go through life remembering what happened to his older brother. He has to grow up remembering his brother committed suicide and he has to learn to live with that. How to cite Tears of a Tiger Questions, Papers

Tromaville Coalition Essays - Membrane Biology, Cell Biology

Tromaville Coalition Member of the Tromaville Coalition Chemistry 1. a) Bulk movement is the overall movement of a fluid. The molecules all move in the same direction. Diffusion however is the random movement of molecules which usually results in a fairly even distribution. In other words the movement is not guaranteed to move in one direction but the probability that it will move in the lower gradient is greater. Osmosis is similar to diffusion but is differentiated by the membrane's behavior. The cell membrane does allow water to move from higher to lower concentrations but does not allow solutes do that. b) Water potential is the capacity of water to move to a from a region where there is high water potential to low water potential. This action happens without the affect of outside forces. When outside actions due occur and they give water a high potential energy than the water will move to the region where less potential energy is. Hydrostatic pressure is the pressure required to stop water the movement of water. This is a method of measurement. The osmotic potential is the measure of tendency of water to move through a membrane which contains a solution. This occurs when a cell does not allow a hypertonic solution to leave the cell membrane. The cell begins to increase with water but the cell membrane can not release the solution and thus the water potential within the cell increases. This causes the water to no longer enter the cell. c) Hypotonic is less solute to a certain amount of water. Hypertonic is more solute to a certain amount of water. Isotonic is the equal amount of solutes in two different solutions. d) Endocytosis is the inward bulge causes by incoming molecules. Exocytosis is the expelling of a material outside a cell. e) Phagocytosis is the process where the cell obtains solid matter. This is different from the pinocytosis where the cell obtains liquid matter. These both are endocytic processes. Receptor-mediated endocytosis is the process where there are interactions between a material and receptor sites on the cell. In this process the cell accepts the material if it matches with the receptor sites. f) Coated pits are areas which peripheral proteins indent the membrane. This is where the vesicles for certain materials are formed. The vesicle which is formed is called the coated vesicle. g) Plasmodesmata are the links which hold two adjacent cells together. Gap junctions are the channels which allow materials to flow between cells. 2. The concentration gradient is the difference in the density of a material from one region to another region. The concentration gradient affects diffusion by allowing the substance to flow from high concentration to low concentration. The concentration gradient affects osmosis by the same manner it does in diffusion. The cell does not allow the solution to exit the cell when water is entering. This keeps the solution in the cell making the concentration high and thus no further penetration of water. 4. Diffusion is more rapid in gases because they are less dense than liquids. They repel each other more resulting in faster diffusion. Diffusion is greater at higher temperatures because of the greater kinetic energy among the molecules. They push each other more making them less dense. 5. The concentration of the solute is 1%. This happens because a 1% sugar solution is isotonic with that of the 1% sugar solution in the tubes. The 2% sugar solution was increased because the substance was hypertonic. The membrane did not allow the hypertonic solution to exit because the pressure from the hypotonic solution was forcing water in. This later reached an equilibrium when the hypertonic solution was gaining water potential and the water stopped rising. The vice versa happened in the distilled water solution.

John Brown Essays

John Brown Essays John Brown Essay John Brown Essay Yet, the Norths crusade to ND slavery had no banner, no rallying point, or no kindling with which to fuel this burning desire. The North needed someone to rally behind, and John Brown became that person. Eventually, Brown would be martyred, but Browns death invoked the abolitionist spirit in all Northerners, and the anticipation of the North to follow behind him illustrates the rapidly, detrimentally changing North-South relationship between 1859 and 1863. Essentially, between 1859 and 1 863, North-South relations were taking a turn for the worse. Radical abolitionist ideals were sweeping he North, and these Ideals took form through John Browns failed effort to provoke a slave rebellion at Harpers Ferry In 1859. This Invasion on a federal armory was organized by Brown. The Invasion Involved only a handful of abolitionists, and freed no slaves. In fact, one free black was among the numerous people murdered during the raid. This action was condemned by most of the southerners and some of the northerners, but John Brown became a sectional hero to most of the North. Two months after the raid, noted abolitionist writer Horace Greenly wrote an editorial in he New York Tribune (Document A) which stated that although John Browns raid was an unfit mode of combating a great evil, his are the errors of a fanatic, not the crimes of a felon. Statements such as these gradually influenced the public, and soon enough, Brown was looked upon favorably by much of the northern public. An excellent example of this shift of opinions Is Illustrated through a review of James Redrafts The Public Life of Captain John Brown, as printed In the Atlantic Monthly of March 1860 (Document D), This review states that the The lessons of manliness, brightness and courage, which his [John Browns] life teaches, is to be learned by us, not merely as lovers of liberty, not as opponents of slavery, but as men who need more manliness, more uprightness, more courage and simplicity in our common lives. In this passage, Brown is placed upon a pedestal, and it is the authors desire to see all Americans imitate his ways. Views such as these paved the way for John Browns transition into martyrdom, as seen by northern eyes. The way in which this transition occurred is brilliantly stated in an editorial contained in the Topeka Tribune of November 19, 1 859 (Document C), when the author states that the elevation of Browns Image is sufficiently due to tacit endorsement by telling what building up a reputation of martyr for Brown and his confederates. John Brown even became an Implement of political sophistry with men, such as Frederick Douglas, exalting their relationship with him (Document FL stating that to have been calculated Walt Join Brown, snared Nils counsels, enjoyed Nils consonance, Ana sympathized with the great objects of his life and death, I esteem as among the highest privileges of my life. Even Abraham Lincoln used John Brown as a sophist instrument (Document E), accusing the Democrats of seizing the unfortunate Harpers Ferry affair to influence other elections pending. Tangentially, John Browns transition from felon to martyr is representative of the rapidly changing North-South relations between 1859 and 1863. The fact that a man who had performed such a malicious crime towards the South could become so beloved in northern society illustrates the abhorrence the North held for the South. The action John Brown had taken was one that every abolitionist, frustrated by the Souths obstinacy, had longed to try. Brown performed what all abolitionists hoped for, yet dared to not even suggest. Browns martyrdom shows the critical state of North-South relations between 1859 and 1863, as well as the inevitability of war between the two. Union soldiers proudly marched into battles singing The Old Song (Document G), which contained such verses as his [John Browns] soul is marching on and Hes gone to be a soldier in the army of the Lord. Northern artists were inspired by Brown, putting their talents to work and creating paintings depicting Brown meeting slave mother on the way to his execution (Document H). One artist even went as far as to create a myth that John Brown stopped to kiss a black child on his way to his execution through his painting of such a scene. John Brown became a banner of the Unions difficulties during the Civil War, and this banner was held high in the hearts of every boy in blue, as he fought for the abolishment of slavery, and the salvation of the Union. Conclusively, the fact that John Brown rapidly became highly regarded in northern society between 1859 and 1863, after committing such a elevation crime against South, picturesquely illustrates the rapidly declining North- South relationship during that same time period. In the words of Henry David Thoreau, as stated in The Last Days of John Brown (Document B), we [Northerners] made a subtle distinction [in regard to John Brown], forgot human laws, and did homage to an idea. Yet, this was not the only time northerners would perform such an action during this critical time, for President Abraham Lincoln made a subtle distinction, forgot constitutional laws, and did homage to the idea of union after the ultimate decline of North-South relations to the point of division and physical conflict. The views of John Browns raid on of the federal armory at Harpers Ferry illustrates the changing North and South relations between the years of 1859-1863. After the event occurred, many looked down upon it in order to try to prevent the inevitable Civil War. However, through out the next few years, John Brown was praised throughout the Northern lands as a martyr, while in the the Southern lands he was viewed as a murderer. Horace Freely (a Northerner) freed with Mr.. Brown about he need to abolish slavery, but using violence to solve the slavery issue, he did not agree with: Of course, we regard Browns raid as utterly mistaken and, in its direct consequences, pernicious, but his errors of a fanatic, not the crimes of a felon. (Doc A) Henry Thoreau agrees with Brown totally and completely (and when I say completely, I mean supporting Browns motive and actions). Thoreau goes on about now relent Brown Is, using examples AT enlarger law (l reenactments, Document E is different than the previous two because it disagrees with them. Abraham Lincoln is against using violence to stop slavery, so he disagrees with Brown completely. Abe is on the path to the White House, therefore looking for votes. In his Hartford, Con. Campaign speech he calls Democrats bushwhackers in the sense that followers of Brown are Just democrats out for votes. Now we get a black mans position on the John Brown raid. Frederick Douglass is in favor of Browns Failed raid. Douglass being an abolitionist and escaped slave took Thoreau side and supported Browns actions completely. (Doc F) The views in these documents illustrate the hanging North-South relations in the way how the North at first disapproved of Browns raid, but in the end, and even more so after Brown was hung in VA, the North put Brown as a martyr and a Moses for black people (as illustrated by Thomas Woven). To some, John Brown was a murderer, but to blacks and in many eyes of Northerners, his death was what made him a hero. John Brown had a plan to invade the south were he wanted all slaves to revolt but failed he was an abolitionist that Just wanted to solve the problem of slavery. The North and South had a change on their point of view of John Browns raid for slavery after the Civil War. Northerners before the Civil War detested John Browns idea of an immediate end to slavery that involved violence; as the war progressed people became unified and many Americans changed their views on John Brown. The North wanted to abolish slavery but was opposed to any kind of violence that would help get rid of slavery. Southerners thought of John Brown as murderer and as the leader of betrayal. As a result of the Civil War the North and the South changed their opinions of John Brown. Before the Civil War the North had a different perspective of John Brown than after the war. The North hated the idea of a violent end to slavery they didnt like John Browns idea of an immediate and to slavery. Horace Greenly from New York Justified the idea of ending slavery but never Justified the way that John Brown tried to abolish slavery(Document A). Northerners wanted to end slavery but not with a negative cause, ending slavery was their goal but in the best way possible. The North in 1859 wanted to end slavery but what John Brown did was murder to them, then and there. Most northerners supported the cause Brown was fighting for but didnt support the methods that were used by him. The North before the war believed that John Brown was a murderer because his raid killed many people. Later as the war was in progressed peoples views of Brown were starting to change. AR continued and so did the critics of John Brown. During the Civil War John Brown was not as criticized about his raid then he was before the war broke out. Criticism was more reasonable now. In 1860 Lincoln disapproved with Brown Because he taught that abolition of slavery shouldnt be done by the government but he did want slavery to be ended. (Document E). Everyone knew that John Brown was a good an fighting for something that was morally right but what people didnt understand yet was how he did it and why. Frederick Douglas mentions that he agrees with John Brown. Frederick Douglas was an abolitionist so he was with Brown all the way. Basically John Brown is seen as a complete hero by abolitionists like Frederick Douglas. People before the war had different opinions about Brown. Disapproval soon faded when ten Call war name. As result AT ten Call war many people change t views about John Brown. When the war was over many people respected John Brown. Now after the Civil War Brown is described as a hero in a song that was sung when going into battle. Document G). It is now realized that Brown was key to end of slavery. People now are starting to respect what he did and are understanding why he did it. If John Brown wouldnt have stepped up the Civil War would have been a even more difficult battle. Brown opened the eyes of many people. During this time now about 1861 really understand why John Brown fought so violently. And it was now understood that it was for the best. At the end of the war John Brown was seen as a hero for all he did. In conclusion, before the Civil War broke out and John Brown led raid to make slaves revolt he was seen as a murderer because he killed people and fought violently for his cause. Although many people did not agree with the way he acted against slavery they had a change in mind later when the Civil War ended. John Brown was finally seen as a hero in the North because they now realized it was the only way to make things work. Why wouldnt people recognize John Brown as a hero before the war? Wouldnt they do anything as long as they got it their way? So how bad did they want to abolish slavery?

Definition of Heterogeneous Mixture With Examples

Definition of Heterogeneous Mixture With Examples A heterogeneous mixture is a mixture having a non-uniform composition. The composition varies from one region to another, with at least two phases that remain separate from each other, with clearly identifiable properties. If you examine a sample of a heterogeneous mixture, you can see the separate components. In physical chemistry and materials science, the definition of a heterogeneous mixture is somewhat different. Here, a homogeneous mixture is one in which all components are in a single phase, while a heterogeneous mixture contains components in different phases. Examples of Heterogeneous Mixtures Concrete is a heterogeneous mixture of an aggregate, cement,  and water.Sugar and sand form a heterogeneous mixture. If you look closely, you can identify tiny sugar crystals and particles of sand.Ice cubes in cola form a heterogeneous mixture. The ice and the soda are two distinct phases of matter (solid and liquid).  Salt and pepper form a heterogeneous mixture.Chocolate chip cookies are a heterogeneous mixture. If you take a bite from a cookie, you may not get the same number of chips as you get in another bite.Soda is considered a heterogeneous mixture. It contains water, sugar, and carbon dioxide, which forms bubbles. While the sugar, water, and flavorings may form a chemical solution, the carbon dioxide bubbles are not uniformly distributed throughout the liquid. Homogeneous vs. Heterogeneous Mixtures In a homogeneous mixture, the components are present in the same proportion, no matter where you take a sample. In contrast, samples taken from different parts of a heterogeneous mixture may contain different proportions of components. For example, if you take a handful of candy from a bag of green MMs, every candy you pick will be green. If you take another handful, once again all the candies will be green. That bag contains a homogeneous mixture. If you take a handful of candy from a regular bag of MMs, the proportion of colors you take might be different from what you get if you take a second handful. This is a heterogeneous mixture. However, most of the time, whether a mixture is heterogeneous or homogeneous depends on the scale of the sample. Using the candy example, while you may get a different sample of candy colors comparing handfuls from a single bag, the mixture may be homogeneous if you compare all the colors of candies from one bag to all the candies from another bag. If you compare the ratio of colors from 50 bags of candy to another 50 bags of candy, chances are good there will be no statistical difference between the ratio of colors. In chemistry, it is the same. On the macroscopic scale, a mixture may appear homogeneous, yet become heterogeneous as you compare the composition of smaller and smaller samples. Homogenization A heterogeneous mixture can be made into a homogeneous mixture via a process called homogenization. An example of homogenization is homogenized milk, which has been processed so that the milk components are stable and dont separate. In contrast, natural milk, while it might appear homogeneous when shaken, isnt stable and readily separates into different layers.

Critical Analysis of Puerto Picans as an Ethnic Group Research Paper

Critical Analysis of Puerto Picans as an Ethnic Group - Research Paper Example In 1511 after decades of abuse the Tainos rebelled against the Spaniards that colonized them. The revolt was a massacre as the European soldiers had superior weapons and better combat training. Thousands of Tainos died in this revolt. In the aftermath of the revolt the European settlers had a shortage of free labor. They decided to keep their oppressive ways by importing slaves from Africa. After centuries of Spain having total control over the affairs of Puerto Rico in 1818 the Spanish King gave transfer of land ownership to the settlers in the island. In 1868 the Puerto Rican people revolt against the Spanish government in a claim for independence. The historical event was called â€Å"El Grito de Lares†. Over 400 Puerto Ricans fought in this conflict led by Ramon Emeterio Betances and Segundo Ruiz Belvis. The attempt to take over the government was unsuccessful. One of the biggest abuses in the history of Puerto Rico was the existence of slavery. On September 22, 1873 the S panish courts abolished slavery in Puerto Rico. At the time there were nearly 30,000 slaves in Puerto Rico which composed 5% of the population (Int. #3, 2011). Puerto Rico was a colony of Spain for four centuries. In 1898 the American-Spaniard war occurred between the United States and Spain. The United States won the war and one of the prices of victory was gaining full control over Puerto Rico. The United States awarded U.S. ... Since both languages are used in Puerto Rico the locals sometimes referred to their mixed language as Spanglish. Puerto Rico is a very family oriented culture. Unmarried children often live with their parents until their 30’s. Most adults marry in their mid 20’s. The male is supposed to be the provider and head of the family, but in the 21st century it is customary for both partners in a relationship to work. When they get married women continue to use their surname. The normal greeting used in Puerto Rico by males is to shake hands, while females kiss themselves in the cheek. Puerto Ricans are very friendly people. When tourists come to the island people feel it is their obligation to serve and help the tourists in any way they can. Hand gestures and facial expression are often used during conversations. Puerto Ricans have a high tone of voice and proximity when talking to others is customary. In Puerto Rico visiting friends and particularly family members is considere d a social obligation. Most weekends sons and daughters visit their parents. When a person visits your home the host must offer their guests drinks and food. The use of alcoholic beverages is customary in most family and friend gatherings as well as special events. The most consumed beer in Puerto Rico is a locally produced brand called Medalla. During Christmas season children receive gifts on two occasions. On Christmas day when Santa Claus brings them gifts and on the 6th of January which is the date the Three Wiseman brought gifts to baby Jesus when he was a newborn. There are many holidays that are celebrated in Puerto Rico. During a holiday the government does not work and many businesses depending on the holiday also close down. A list of the holidays celebrated in Puerto

Trade measures and commodities tariff and non-tariff barriers export Essay

Trade measures and commodities tariff and non-tariff barriers export taxes quantitative measures subsidies consumption taxes the - Essay Example Following is the discussion regarding the impact of measures in an in-depth manner. The aspect of tariffs and non-tariff barriers has been long noted to have a direct impact on the trade sector. In order to understand the impact of these barriers on trade; it is imperative to understand these barriers. Tariff barriers are basically inclinations of taxes which are posed on the products and articles which are imported from other regions of the world. It should be noted that over the years, government has made use of the tariff barriers to control economic activity (Hont). The impact of the tariff barriers can be noted briefly as positive and negative as well. Since these tariffs limit the amount of products to be imported in the country, it is significant for the domestic brands to get maximum reach to the consumers. This makes it easier to note the articles which are more needed in the country rather than overly filling the shelves. But the fact remains that this limit also diverges t he foreign investors to replicate their business in the region (Rawley and Behrendt). On the other hand, non-tariff barriers (NTBs) are notably more limiting when it comes to international trade. The non-tariff barriers undertake a number of generalizations including the licensing of the import, content regulation which is applied till the time it is sent to the market shelves (Klien). Also, technical barriers have also been considered as a more prominent limiting aspect of the NTBs. The trade barriers are merely applied to increase the trade, weaken the trade or restrict the trade. All the mentioned focus of the trade barriers are being observed in the international trading widely (Bowden). The biggest impact which has been noted over the years is that tariff barriers weaken not just the supply and demand pricing but also international trades between different countries. Overall, the border taxes, and other voluntary costs of the imports allows the government to keep a balance betw een the in-house domestic articles as well as international product saturation in the market (Hirschman). The major concern which has been enhanced by the international economic authorities is that the non-trade barriers have merely limit the underdeveloped countries to trade their product for economic activity since the taxes and licensing needs a lot of cost (Ransom). Also, export tax is another trade measure which has a very divergent effect on the trade which totally depends upon the market structure. It should be noted that the positive impact of the export tax on any country’s economy is in terms of domestic production (Hunt). It must be taken under account that if a country has a wider share of the international market with a respective product that it can be easier for it to reflect change on the price of the product in the international market. It is due to the aid of export taxes that these countries can exploit price of a product in the international market. Overal l, it can be said that with the help of export taxes, the export of the tax-imposing nation can be reduced by large (Dunkley). Followed by the above trade measures for limiting import, consumptions tax is just another measure which has marked a quiet

Beaver’s Self-Report Family Inventory | Evaluation

Beaver’s Self-Report Family Inventory | Evaluation Contents (Jump to) Introduction Literature Review Psychological Test Beaver’s Self-Report Family Inventory Administration of SRFI Scoring and Interpretation of SRFI Validity and Reliability Strengths Limitations Conclusion References Introduction This write up is to analyze the effectiveness of an instrument used as a psychological test to gather information. The chosen instrument is Beaver’s Self-Report Family Inventory – Version II (SRFI). Parents and family environment or more appropriately family relationship plays a very important role in the well-being of children. (Lambert,M., 2010) In Malaysian context, discipline problem is an increasing phenomenon in primary schools as well as secondary schools. The root cause or the first and foremost reason behind those discipline problems is the family environment and relationship. SRFI is considered to be an instrument that can help the counselors and other helping professionals to identify the family functioning so that further plans can be done in order to help the children. Literature Review Previous literature on family assessment instruments for use in child welfare includes descriptions of instruments (Pinsof, 2009) and guides for developing comprehensive assessment strategies as part of community-based child welfare services reform (Pinsof, 2010). This structured literature review builds on these efforts by identifying the most valid and reliable instruments that address the following four federally-defined domains of family assessment: (1) patterns of social interaction, including the nature of contact and involvement with others, and the presence or absence of social support networks and relationships; (2) parenting practices, including methods of discipline, patterns of supervision, understanding of child development and/or of the emotional needs of children; (3) background and history of the parents or caregivers, including the history of abuse and neglect; and (4) problems in access to basic necessities such as income, employment, adequate housing, child care, t ransportation, and other needed services and supports (US, HHS, 2006). Several additional behaviors and conditions have been associated with child maltreatment, such as domestic violence, mental illness, poor physical health, disabilities, and alcohol and drug use. Ideally, a comprehensive family assessment instrument will address these conditions and indicate whether a need for more specialized assessment exists. An objective of this review was to identify measures that addressed these behaviors and conditions as part of a comprehensive family assessment strategy. However, the review of specialized instruments for these conditions and various disabilities was outside the scope of this review. A structured review on the assessment of children and youth in the child welfare system is the focus of a separate review. These major theoretical and disciplinary influences have given rise to several practical issues when considering the appropriateness of a family assessment measure and met hod. While there are many approaches, family assessment methods typically fall into three categories: client self-report, observation, and interviews. Each of these methods has its advantages and disadvantages. A key distinction is the degree to which the method is formalized. Formal methods, such as self-report questionnaires, tend to have procedures that are clearly outlined to facilitate consistently repeated administrations. By contrast, informal methods such as interviews may be less clear in their specification and more variable in terms of administration. Family assessment measures also vary in terms of the perspective obtained. Typically, child welfare practitioners will consider the perspectives of multiple individuals during the family assessment process, including â€Å"insider† reports from family members and children as well as â€Å"outsider† reports from school personnel, extended family members, and others that may be involved with the case. Integration of the assessment of multiple reporters with insider and outsider perspectives is reflected in the â€Å"multisystem-multi method† (MS-MM) approach (Greenberger, 2000) Self-report questionnaires provide a unique insider view of family life as well as reliable methods, simplified administration and scoring, and a measurable link between an individual’s perceptions or attitudes and behaviors. Given these advantages, they are by far the most commonly used method in research as well as in practice. Observation rating scales provide another cost-effective method of generating outsider information regarding family interaction patterns that can also be evaluated for reliability and validity. However, rating scales can also be limited in their usefulness by the competence of the rater and the psychometric quality of the scale. Raters must have a clear understanding of the concepts that are measured and the behaviors that represent the concepts in practice. They must also poss ess adequate knowledge of different populations in order to place observed behavior on a continuum, a concern that adequate training and clinical supervision can begin to address. However, as with self-report measures, evidence of the validity and reliability of an observational rating scale is critical in the instrument selection process, particularly with regard to specific stages of assessment. Psychological test Psychological tests are administered by many different professionals to many different individuals, and the results of these tests are used in ways that significantly affect us and those around us. Psychological test is something that requires us to perform behaviour to measure some personal attribute, trait, or characteristic or to predict an outcome. Psychological tests can differ in terms of how they are administered and their format. A test can be administered in paper-and-pencil format (individually or in a group setting), on a computer, or verbally. Similarly, a psychological test may consist of multiple-choice items; agree/disagree items, true/false items, open-ended questions, or some mix of these. There are also tests that ask respondents to perform some behaviour such as sorting cards, playing a role, or writing an essay. Psychological tests can differ in terms of how they are scored and interpreted. Some tests are completed on scan able sheets and are computer scored. Some are hand-scored by the person administering the test. Others are scored by the test takers themselves. In terms of interpretation, some tests generate results that can be interpreted easily by the test taker, and others require a knowledgeable professional to explain the results to the test taker. Psychological tests have various similarities and many differences. All psychological tests require an individual to perform one or more behaviours, and these behaviours are used to measure some personal attribute, trait, or characteristic thought to be important in describing or understanding behaviour or to predict an outcome. However, psychological tests can and do differ in terms of the behaviours they require individuals to perform, the attributes they measure, their content, how they are administered and formatted, how they are scored and interpreted, and their psychometric quality. All good tests have three defining characteristics in common. First, they include a representative sa mple of behaviours. Second, they collect the sample under standardized conditions. Third, they have rules for scoring. When using psychological tests, we must make some assumptions. We must assume that a test measures what it says it measures, that any inferences that are drawn about test takers from their scores on the test are appropriate, that an individual’s behaviour (and therefore test scores) will remain stable over time, that individuals understand test items similarly, that individuals can and will report accurately about their thoughts and feelings, and that the test score an individual receives is equal to his or her true behaviour/ability in the real world plus some error. Testing professionals refer to psychological tests in various ways. Sometimes they refer to them as tests of maximal performance, behaviour observations, or self-report. Sometimes they refer to them as standardized or non-standardized. Other times they refer to them as objective or projective. P rofessionals also refer to tests based on the dimensions they measure. It is important to remember the distinctions among four commonly misunderstood terms: psychological assessment, psychological test, measurement, and survey. First, although both psychological assessments and psychological tests are used to gather information, a psychological test is only one of many tools in the psychological assessment process. Second, a psychological test can be considered to be a measurement when the sampled behaviour can be expressed in a derived score. Third, psychological tests are different from surveys in that psychological tests focus on individual differences and often report one overall derived score (or scaled scores), and surveys focus on group similarities and typically report results at the question or item level. Beaver’s Self-Report Family Inventory (SRFI) Version II The Self-Report Family Inventory: Version II (SRFI) is a 36-item measure of perceptions of family functioning in five domains: Health/Competence, Conflict, Cohesion, Leadership, and Expressiveness. The instrument is a screening device to assess a family member’s view of overall family competence, based on the Beavers Systems Model of family functioning. Each item is rated on a 5-point scale; for the first 34 items, the scale descriptors are 1 = YES: Fits our family very well, 3 = SOME: Fits our family some, and 5 = NO: Does not fit our family. The last two items have response scales specific to the items. Lower scores represent greater family competence. Administration of SRFI It is a paper pencil method of administration for children aged 12 and above and also for the adults in the family. Interview also can be done for those who are illiterate or have reading and writing problem. Time given is within 5 to 10 minutes. Scoring and Interpretation of SRFI Summary scores for each of the five subscales can be obtained as follows: (An â€Å"R† refers to an item score that must be reversed prior to summing). To reverse score, change all numbers where indicated to their opposite. For example, five becomes a one, four becomes a two, three stays the same, two becomes a four, and one becomes a five. Health/Competence: Items 2, 3, 4, 6, 12, 15, 16, 17, 18R, 19R, 20, 21, 24R, 25R, 27R, 28, 33, 35, and 36 Conflict: Items 5R, 6, 7, 8R, 10R, 14R, 18R, 24R, 25R, 30R, 31R, and 34 Cohesion: Items 2, 15, 19R, 27R, and 36 Expressiveness: Items 1, 9, 13R, 20, and 22 Leadership: Items 8R, 16, and 32 For each numbered item, fill in the score from the SFI. For items , reverse the score and enter the reversed score on the score sheet. Lower scores represent greater competence and higher scores indicate greater problems within the system. Validity and Reliability of SRFI Validity was measured by correlating the SRFI with the observational scales of the Beavers System Model. The results indicate a high degree of convergence of family constructs across the two methods at .62 or above (Beavers Hampson, 2000). The authors claim that this indicates that the SRFI is roughly equivalent to observations (Drumm, M. Carr, 2000). The authors of the instrument report high internal consistencies reliability with Cronbach alphas between .84 and .93 and test-retest reliabilities of .85 or better (Beavers Hampson, 2000). Strengths The great advantage of SRFI is that it gives the respondents’ own views directly. It gives access to phenomenological data, i.e., respondents’ perceptions of themselves and their world, which are unobtainable in any other way. Furthermore, self-report methods can be used to obtain information in situations where observational data are not normally available. Able to study large samples of people fairly easy. Able to examine a large number of variables. Can be carried out relatively cheaply. Limitations The main disadvantage of self-report is that there is a number of potential validity problems associated with it. The data are personal and idiosyncratic and thus may bear little relationship to ‘‘reality,’’ as seen by you or others. More importantly, people are not always truthful. Furthermore, research participants may not be able to provide the level of detail, or use the concepts, that the researcher is interested in. People may not respond truthfully, either because they cannot remember or because they wish to present themselves in a socially acceptable manner. We cannot establish cause and effect relationships from survey data as other variables which could have had an effect may not have been considered in the questionnaire or interview. It may be difficult to obtain a random sample of the population because some people who are selected refuse to answer questions or it may be difficult to obtain a full list of the population from which to select a random sample. Conclusions SRFI is best use for a quick access of information and it is easy to administer. To have a comprehensive assessment of family the same SRFI can be used as a tool for interview for a qualitative research. More information can be gathered if it is used while observing the family with their consent. Teachers, counsellors and discipline masters in school can use SRFI to plan future programs in order to help the children with complicated family background. It will be a very helpful tool in school environment. References Beavers, R., Hampson, R. B. (2000). The Beavers System Model of Family Functioning. Journal of Family Therapy, 22(2), 128-143. Drumm, M., Carr, A., Fitzgerald, M. (2000). The Beavers, McMaster and Circumplex clinical rating scales: A study of their sensitivity, specificity and discriminant validity. Journal of Family Therapy, 22(2), 225-258. Greenberger, E., Chen, C., Beam, M., Whang, S. M., Dong, Q. (2000). The perceived social contexts of adolescent misconduct: A comparative study of youths in three cultures. Journal of Adolescent Research, 10(3), 365–388. Johnson, L., Ketring, S., Anderson, S. (2010). The Intersession Report: Development of a short questionnaire for couple’s therapy. American Journal of Family Therapy, 38, 266–276. Kim, S. Y., Ge, X. (2000). Parenting practices and adolescent depressive symptoms in Chinese American families. Journal of Family Psychology, 14, 420–435. Lambert, M. (2010). Prevention of treatment failure: The use of measuring, monitoring, and feedback in clinical practice. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Miller, S., Duncan, B., Brown, J., Sorrell, R., Chalk, M. (2006). Using outcome to inform and improved treatment outcomes: Making ongoing, real-time assessment feasible. Journal of Brief Therapy, 5, 5–23. Pinsof, W., Chambers, A. (2010). Empirically informed systemic psychotherapy: Tracking client change and therapist behavior during therapy. In J. Bray M. Stanton (Eds.), The Wiley-Blackwell handbook of family psychology (pp. 431–446). Oxford, UK: Blackwell. Pinsof, W., Zinbarg, R., Lebow, J., Knobloch-Fedders, L., Durbin, E., Chambers, A., et al. (2009). Laying the foundation for progress research in family, couple, and individual therapy: The development and psychometric features of the initial systemic therapy inventory of change. Psychotherapy Research, 19, 143–156. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2006). Comprehensive Family Assessment Guidelines for Child Welfare. Washington, DC: Administration for Children and Families Childrens Bureau. www.ets.org www.pearsonassessments.com www.hoganassessments.com www.ipat.com www3.parinc.com www.psytech.co.uk www.psionline.com www.testagency.com www.upress.umn.edu/tests/default.html Should The Abortion Be Encouraged? Should The Abortion Be Encouraged? Abortion is a process of termination of pregnancy. The classic definition of abortion is the expulsion of the fetus before it is viable. This could include spontaneous abortion, which is a miscarriage, or induced abortion such as a doctor, the woman herself, or a layperson causes the abortion. Before modern methods of abortion, this sometimes meant the introduction of foreign objects like catheters into the uterus to disrupt the placenta and embryo (or fetus) so that a miscarriage would result (Family Jrank 2002). Abortion can be carried out by few ways such as taking pills and operation. Statistical information and cases. According to the report prepared by the Better Health Channel, in the year 1990, 23 percent of all pregnancies in Australia were terminated. This makes abortion become one of the most common surgical in the country with around 80,000 women undergoing abortion every year. Our current ratio of one abortion in every four pregnancies is an improvement over the estimated one in three recorded in Australia in the 1930s. Australias abortion rate is reasonably low by international standards compare to the United States of America has a 30 percent abortion rate. The majority of the Australians support the idea of the safe and legal abortion. The typical profile of a woman who is seeking abortion includes the ages in the 20s, single, educated and childless. Thesis statement This study has been carried out to determine whether abortion should be encouraged to the public. This study investigates the advantages and the disadvantages of the abortion to conclude that whether abortion should be encouraged to the public. This study draws on information gathered from International articles, World Wide Web sites, books and a survey. Abortion should be encouraged. First, abortion should be encouraged because an unwanted childs future will be affected. The young parent such as the teenager who has the unplanned pregnancy, they are unable to provide a good environment for the child. The teenager which is still studying and they do not have a job which causing them could not give a good environment to the child. Most of the juvenile crime happened is because of the children did not grow up in a good environment. Children who not grow in a good environment will cause them to do illegal things for getting attention from the others (Associated Content 2006). An unwilling parent is unlikely to be a good parent so the unwanted child is far more likely to drop out of school or commit acts of violence than children who are wanted, nurtured and well parent. The young parents are unable to take care of the child because they are immature. Parents play an important role in the childs education but the young parents have an immature mind so they can not give a good example for their child. When the young parents did something that is immature w ould affect the child do to the same mistake too. The young parents can not give accurate information that parents should give because their immature mind can not differentiate the rights and wrongs. If their children had done some mistake, the young parent could not give the right punishment and guide the child to the right pathway. In an addition, abortion should be encouraged because the future of the young parent would be affected if there is an unplanned pregnancy. According to the book, Should abortion rights be restricted? (2003), when a teenager is pregnant she has to face social problems, such as reduced education and employment opportunities. They are forced to stop their education because they have to spend more time on the child. For example, the young parent has to work hard to earn money for feeding the child. And due to the low education of the young parent, jobs with higher salaries may not want to hire them. There are only low salary jobs that would hire the low education teenager, which are typically hard-working employment types. The teenager could not afford to that job which is too heavy work. This will cause them to do illegal things to earn more money for their family such as become a robber, a thief, drug dealer and so on. And they will have to take the risk of getting caught by the police and going to jail. They also may be influenced by criminal associates and addicted to bad habits, such as smoking and gambling. So if they have an abortion, their future might include a  high standard of education, working with a high salary job and live happily. Furthermore, abortion should be encouraged because it can prevent the unwanted child. There are some cases such as rape or the incest pregnancy which is an unwanted pregnancy. The trauma will follow all of her life after the raping case, therefore, abortion is the right way to solve this problem or else an unwanted child would be the nightmare for the mother. We can not force a girl in her early age to become a mother after being raped. Abortion should be done toward the mother whom she does not know who is the father of the child. It will be a very hard life for the mother and the child which without a father. The mother is not ready to enter the parenthood yet. It is not easy to bring up a child by a single mother. The mother has to work hard for the child and have to spend time on taking care of the child at the same time. If a child grew up as a homely and because of it an unloved child, he or she will remember those painful experiences for the rest of your life (Associated Content 2007). Abortion should not be encouraged. On the other hand, abortion should not be encouraged because of the humans right. It is a process that is too cruel to a baby. The most basic human right of the human is the right to life there is no doubt which everyone knows it. The Catholic Bishop of the United States stated that since human life is sacred from conception until natural death, they contend, abortion is immoral. A person who did abortion is a murder because this action is taking away a human persons life. It is so unfair for a child who does not have a chance to enter this world. It is no different between abortion and infanticide. The parent should think about the rights of the child and not just make such selfish decide by their own opinion. We should appreciate the life that the god gives. It is the fate that the parent who get an unplanned pregnancy. God give them a chance to have a baby and guide them to another stage of life. All people, regardless of the circumstances of their conception, or whether they are healthy or handicapped, have been personally knit together by Gods fingers. He has planned out all the days of the unborn childs life before one of them has happened (Leadership U 1992).Some of the people might think that the embryo is just a bunch of cells but it actually a soul is inside the embryo. We have human rights because we are human beings. Therefore, direct abortion is never a morally tolerable option. Moreover, abortion should not be encouraged because a womans health would be affected badly by abortion. Abortion brings both physically and mentally harms to women. A woman who done the process of abortion has to face some physical health problem. Abortion is linked to the breast cancer due to the hormone changed after the abortion and resulting in an increase in a number of new breast cells. Infertility also one of the health problems that have to face by whom had done the process of abortion. As everyone knows that infertility which means being unable to have a child is a high risk of the abortion procedure. This health problem occurs is because, during the process of abortion, it damaged our uterus. Abortion brings mentally disturb to a woman too. At the early emotional effects, many women will experience the feelings of relief and numbness. In the later emotional effects, they have to face the complex feelings. They will have some complex feelings such as depression, tearfulness, guilt, anger, shame and so on. The mother who done the process of abortion may find difficult to face t he others who are pregnant or have babies. Flashbacks to the abortion experience also one of the mentally disturb to those who done abortion procedure. In a study report, 92 percent of women who have had an abortion will also feel guilt on that. As stated in Leadership U(1992), the mother would hear this little voice in her head says she is a terrible, awful person because she had done abortion. Due to the guilty feelings on taking away the childs life, they will feel very regret on it and causing they have an illusion that there is a ghost child following them. Lastly, abortion should not be encouraged because the parents have to take their responsibilities seriously towards the child. The parents behave badly so they have to pay the price. As a parent, they should know the values of a childs life and not just take abortion as an easy way to solve problems. Once they get pregnant, they have to do what a parent should do which they have to put afford on the baby and being a good example for the child. To prevent the same mistake again, they should give birth to the child and take care of the child. Whether or not a baby is unwanted is irrelevant. Just because a human being is not wanted does not mean that the human being has no value or should be killed. In addition, there are huge numbers of families who are willing to adopt those unwanted babies. So, those babies are wanted, not unwanted (CARM 2001). Conclusion Based on the evidence above, I strongly disagree abortion should be encouraged. It can not be a smart choice for the parent to do abortion. Abortion brings many disadvantages to the mother such as health problem as stated above. It brings both physically and mentally side effect. Abortion also is an immoral activity which is killing an innocent baby. Besides, if abortion is encouraged, it might cause the citizen to get involve in sexual activities easily because once they get pregnant and abortion could help them to solve the problem. There are many ways to solve the problems of unplanned pregnancy such as adoption, not just abortion. In the 50 sets of the personal survey, 44% of the public thinks that if one of their friends gets an unplanned pregnancy; continue the pregnancy and give the baby up for adoption is the best way for the mother. If the parent does not prepare to have a child yet then they should take action to prevent it before they get pregnant such as a condom. Besides, the government can help to prevent the unplanned pregnancy through education too. For an example, the Minister of Education has to implement sex education in schools to give students a better idea of sexual intercourse. When they get to know more about the sex knowledge, they would know the importance of preventing unplanned pregnancy. Therefore, it helps to prevent it. At the end of the essay, the 50 sets of the personal survey show that 84% of the public do not agree that abortion should be encouraged. The personal survey will be shown in the pie chart below:

Hobbes vs Rousseau Essay

In the 17th and 18th centuries, the Age of Enlightenment was an important cultural movement of intellectuals in Europe. Philosophers of the time interpreted many theories and concepts about man and inequality in civilization and also ideas about government and the ways in which society could be controlled. Many believed that humans were naturally good, while others believed that humans were inherently bad. The argument of nature has lasted throughout time without a definitive answer, but with centuries of philosophical arguments to aid in the understanding of our own human nature. Two important philosophers of this time period were Thomas Hobbes and Jean Jacques Rousseau. Both philosophers wrote about their ideas of human nature and the state of nature, also addressing equality within the state and the role government and civilization plays in man’s actions. While Hobbes had a very cynical view of man, believing man to be brutal and violent working only towards self-interest, Rousseau had a more positive view; depicting man as essentially good and compassionate, believing that only through society and civilization does man become corrupt. Although both philosophers’ arguments are well developed and supported, Rousseau’s understanding of the natural man and the state of nature is stronger than Hobbes’ opposing views. Rousseau’s positive view of human nature illustrates man as living in harmony with nature while Hobbes’ pessimistic view portrays man acting only for self-interest. Rousseau views the mankind as inherently good, capable of feeling compassion and pity for others around him as well as self-love. The condition of this natural man is a man without any forms of civilization, including clothes and language. Man is able to live individually, peacefully and in harmony when he is in this state of inh erent goodness. However, through civilization man becomes â€Å"wicked.† Oppression and dominance develop through the evolution of civilization, also creating inequality among men, destroying the harmony in which they lived. When man is able to satisfy his own needs, he is able to live peacefully (Rousseau 161). Through evolution of society, man is weakened and begins to depend on others to sustain his life, creating oppression and causing man to lose his natural goodness. Hobbes disagrees with Rousseau’s positive view of the nature of man, believing that men are instinctively violent and evil, acting only out of self-interest or for self-gain. He believes men are constantly in competition to become superior in worth or honor, creating continual jealousy and violence among each other. Hobbes believes that men are so brutal and wicked they are unable to survive as individuals but need a strong, central authority to force peace and cooperation among men. Hobbes states, â€Å"Without the terror of some power to cause them to be observed, are contrary to our natural passions, that carry us to partiality, pride, revenge and the like,† (Hobbes 106). Hobbes believes that in order to control man’s instinctive evil, they need to fear the law. Hobbes admits that inequality is a product of creating this commonwealth, but, unlike Rousseau’s idea of inequality in society, Hobbes says men are ignorant to the inequality, believing that the covenants create equal terms of law among men. This false sense of equality is able to control the violence and competition among men, allowing them to coexist more peacefully. So while Rousseau credits civilization to the destruction of peace and goodness, Hobbes does not believe man has any inherent goodness and thinks civilization is the only way to avoid war. Although Hobbes and Rousseau agree that in a state of nature men are equal, they have opposing views of what man is like in this state. A state of nature is a term used to describe a state lacking a form of government or laws. Rousseau believes in the state of nature, man lives individually in harmony with nature. Rousseau addresses this natural man as a â€Å"savage man,† stating that their actions are determined by their needs and these needs are met without the help of others. In this nature, men are peaceful and good. Men also have a natural sense of pity and compassion in this state (Rousseau 163). Because man lives solitarily, there is no one to dominate or control and thus no competition for power. Rousseau believes that this peace is sustained by the ability of the savage man to feel compassion, which allows them to govern the peace of their nature. However, this peace is diminished as inequality becomes prevalent through the progression of society. As property and family units evolved, man began to change his lifestyle and skills and talents developed (Rousseau 164). Families weakened man and woman in mind and body, causing them to rely on others to successfully fulfill their needs. This was the crucial part in development of oppression and domination, because inequality occurs when man becomes dependent on others to survive. Rousseau states, â€Å"But the moment one man needed the help of another; as soon as it was found to be useful for one to have provisions for two, equality disappeared, property appeared,† (Rousseau 167). The relationship between slave-master or worker-owner develop when men requires the help of another. Inequality creates oppression and domination, which, according to Rousseau, destroy man’s inherent goodness. Hobbes’ view of human nature contrasts Rousseau’s dramatically, seeing as Hobbes believed man to be naturally wicked and only through government systems are men able to live peacefully. Hobbes compares man to a machine, constantly in motion and always seeking something (3). He believes human nature is to act for their own self-interest, which causes men to be in constant competition for honor or worth, creating a state of war. Because Hobbes believes that men are constantly in a state of war, he believes that men are always trying to increase their power to be superior to others. He believes that in the state of nature where man is not governed by central authority, men are constantly in competition. Jealousy and competition among men make it impossible for men to live peacefully in a state of nature, creating the need for a strong, central authority to govern over the peace of man. Contrary to Rousseau, Hobbes believes that government is a way for people to â€Å"get themselves out of that miserable condition of war,† by governing peace that men are incapable of alone (Hobbes 106). Hobbes believes that through strong government, men are forced to coexist peacefully, because covenant creates a false sense of equality among men. Hobbes believes that men are incapable of surviving individually, unlike Rousseau who believes that men are better made to live individually. Their differing views of inherent behavior create contrasting conceptions of the state of nature. Based on their arguments of the nature of mankind, Rousseau’s explanation of man is more complete and logical than Hobbes’. In Rousseau’s view of nature, man is essentially good, able to survive on his own and able to peacefully coexist. This view of man could be considered naà ¯ve by some, but it must be considered that this man is also the â€Å"savage man,† a man before any form of civilization. Rousseau explains that a man is inherently good in a state of nature because he has no desire for power, but does feel pity. Rousseau goes into an in depth description of the development of inequality among men, describing oppression and domination developing and the ways in which these factors destroyed man’s intrinsic goodness. Man was unable to live individually in the new state of society, which destroyed their natural goodness. Being unable to live individually, they were forced to rely on others, which created domination and inequality, which leads to competition for power and corruption. The inequality also led to the diminishment of pity and compassion, which was crucial to man’s ability to peacefully coexist. Rousseau’s thorough time-line of man’s condition created a stronger and more agreeable argument than Hobbes’ pessimistic view of man.